Screw compressor drive control

ABSTRACT

An embodiment of method used to control operation of a screw compressor of a refrigeration system may include receiving status signals regarding operation of the screw compressor of the refrigeration system. The method may further include determining an operating point of the screw compressor based upon the received status signals, and selecting a torque profile for the screw compressor based upon the operating point. The method may also include driving the screw compressor per the selected torque profile. Refrigeration systems and compressor systems suitable for implementing the method are also presented.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Compressors in refrigeration systems raise the pressure of a refrigerantfrom an evaporator pressure to a condenser pressure. The evaporatorpressure is sometimes referred to as the suction pressure and thecondenser pressure is sometimes referred to as the discharge pressure.At the discharge pressure, the refrigerant is capable of cooling adesired medium. Many types of compressors, including rotary screwcompressors, are used in such refrigeration systems.

A screw compressor includes a suction port and a discharge port thatopen into a working chamber of the screw compressor. The working chamberincludes a pair of meshed screw rotors that define a compression pocketbetween the screw rotors and interior walls of the working chamber.Refrigerant is received by the suction port and delivered to thecompression pocket. Rotation of the rotors closes the compression pocketfrom the suction port and decreases the volume of the compression pocketas the rotors move the refrigerant toward the discharge port. Due todecreasing the volume of the compression pocket, the rotors deliver therefrigerant to the discharge port at an discharge pressure that isgreater than the suction pressure.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of refrigeration systems, compressor systems and methods tocontrol screw compressors of such systems are disclosed. An embodimentof a method of controlling operation of a screw compressor of arefrigeration system may include receiving status signals regardingoperation of the screw compressor of the refrigeration system. Themethod may further include determining an operating point of the screwcompressor based upon the received status signals, and selecting atorque profile for the screw compressor based upon the operating point.The method may also include driving the screw compressor per theselected torque profile. Embodiments of refrigeration systems,compressor systems suitable for implementing disclosed embodiments ofcontrolling operation of a screw compressor are also presented.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate advantages and superiorfeatures of the above embodiments, together with other important aspectsthereof upon reading the detailed description which follows inconjunction with the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments are described herein by way of example and not by way oflimitation in the accompanying figures. For simplicity and clarity ofillustration, elements illustrated in the figures are not necessarilydrawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some elements may beexaggerated relative to other elements for clarity. Further, whereconsidered appropriate, reference labels have been repeated among thefigures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a refrigeration system comprising acompressor system.

FIG. 2 shows additional details of the compressor system of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of a control method implemented by thecompressor system of FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following description describes refrigeration systems, compressorsystems and techniques to control compressors of such systems. In thefollowing description, numerous specific details are set forth in orderto provide a more thorough understanding of the described systems andtechniques. However, one skilled in the art readily appreciates that thevarious embodiments of the described systems and techniques may bepracticed without such specific details. In other instances, specificaspects of the described systems and techniques have not been shown ordescribed in detail in order not to obscure other aspects of thedescribed systems and techniques.

References in the specification to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”,“an example embodiment”, etc., indicate that the described embodimentmay include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, butevery embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature,structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarilyreferring to the same embodiment. When a particular feature, structure,or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, otherembodiments may incorporate or otherwise implement such feature,structure, or characteristic whether or not explicitly described.

Some aspects of the described systems and techniques may be implementedin hardware, firmware, software, or any combination thereof. Someaspects of the described systems may also be implemented as instructionsstored on a machine readable medium which may be read and executed byone or more processors. A machine readable medium may include anystorage device to which information may be stored in a form readable bya machine (e.g., a computing device). For example, a machine readablemedium may include read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM);magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; flash memorydevices; and others.

Referring now to FIG. 1, an embodiment of a refrigeration system 100 isdepicted. The refrigeration system 100 may circulate a fluid 110 suchas, for example, a liquid refrigerant in order to cool a space such as aroom, home, or building. The circulated fluid 110 may absorb and removeheat from the space to be cooled and may subsequently reject the heatelsewhere. As shown, the refrigeration system 100 may include acompressor system 120, a condenser 130 coupled to the condenser system120, an expansion valve 140 coupled to the condenser 130, and anevaporator 150 coupled between the compressor system 120 and theexpansion valve 140.

The compressor system 120 may include a suction port 122 and a dischargeport 124. The suction port 122 of the compressor system 120 may receivethe fluid 110 in a thermodynamic state known as a saturated vapor. Thecompressor system 120 may compress the fluid 110 as the compressorsystem 120 transfers the fluid 110 from the suction port 122 to thedischarge port 124. In particular, the suction port 122 may receive thefluid 110 at a suction pressure and suction temperature. The compressorsystem 120 may compress the fluid 110 and may discharge the compressedfluid 110 via the discharge port 124 at a discharge pressure that ishigher than the suction pressure. Compressing the fluid 110 may alsoresult in the fluid 110 being discharged at a discharge temperature thatis higher than the suction temperature. The fluid 110 discharged fromthe discharge port 124 may be in a thermodynamic state known as asuperheated vapor. Accordingly, the fluid 110 discharged from thecompressor system 120 may be at a temperature and pressure at which thefluid 110 may be readily condensed with cooling air or cooling liquid.

The condenser 130 may be coupled to the discharge port 124 of thecompressor system 120 to receive the fluid 110. The condenser 130 maycool the fluid 110 as the fluid 110 passes through the condenser 130 andmay transform the fluid 110 from a superheated vapor to a saturatedliquid. To this end, the condenser 130 may include coils or tubesthrough which the fluid 110 passes and across which cool air or coolliquid flows. As a result of the cool air or cool liquid passing acrossthe coils of the condenser 130, the fluid 110 may reject or otherwisedeliver heat from the refrigeration system 100 to the air or liquidwhich in turn carries the heat away.

The expansion valve 140 may receive the fluid 110 from the condenser 130in a thermodynamic state known as a saturated liquid. The expansionvalve 140 may abruptly reduce the pressure of the fluid 110. The abruptpressure reduction may cause adiabatic flash evaporation of at least aportion of the fluid 110 which may lower the temperature of the fluid110. In particular, the adiabatic flash evaporation may result in aliquid and vapor mixture of the fluid 110 that has a temperature that iscolder than the temperature of the space to be cooled.

The evaporator 150 may receive the cold fluid 110 from the expansionvalve 140 and may route the cold fluid 110 through coils or tubes of theevaporator 150. Warm air or liquid may be circulated from the space tobe cooled across the coils or tubes of the evaporator 150. The warm airor liquid passing across the coils or tubes of the evaporator 150 maycause a liquid portion of the cold fluid 110 to evaporate. At the sametime, the warm air or liquid passed across the coils or tubes may becooled by the fluid 110, thus lowering the temperature of the space tobe cooled. The evaporator 150 may deliver the fluid 110 to the suctionport 122 of the compressor system 120 as a saturated vapor. Thus, theevaporator 150 may complete the refrigeration cycle and may return thefluid 110 to the compressor system 120 to be recirculated again throughthe compressor system 120, condenser 130, and expansion valve 140.Therefore, in the refrigeration system 100, the evaporator 150 mayabsorb and remove heat from the space to be cooled, and the condenser130 may subsequently reject the absorbed heat to air or liquid thatcarries the heat away from the space to be cooled.

Referring now to FIG. 2, further details regarding an embodiment of thecompressor system 120 are presented. In particular, the compressorsystem 120 as shown may include a controller 210, memory 220, anelectric motor system 230, and a screw compressor 240. The compressorsystem 120 may further include one or more electrical sensors 250,torque sensors 255, suction pressure and/or temperature sensors 260, anddischarge pressure and/or temperature sensors 270. The sensors 250, 255,260, 270 provide status signals 290 with measurements that areindicative of the operation of the screw compressor 240.

The controller 210 may include processors, microcontrollers, analogcircuitry, digital circuitry, firmware, and/or software that cooperateto control operation of the screw compressor 240. The memory 220 maycomprise non-volatile memory devices such as flash memory devices, readonly memory (ROM) devices, electrically erasable/programmable ROMdevices, and/or battery backed random access memory (RAM) devices tostore an array of torque profiles 222 for the screw compressor 240 in apersistent manner. The memory 220 may further include instructions whichthe controller 210 may execute in order to control the operation of thescrew compressor 240.

As explained in more detail below, the controller 210 may receive statussignals 290 from one or more sensors 250, 255, 260, 270 of thecompressor system 120 that provide information regarding operation ofthe screw compressor 240. Based upon the status signals 290, thecontroller 210 may determine an operating mode and/or operating point ofthe screw compressor 240 and may generate, based upon the determinedoperating mode and/or operating point, one or more command signals 212to adjust the operation of the screw compressor 240. In particular, thecontroller 210 in one embodiment may select a torque profile 222 fromthe array of torque profiles 222 or may otherwise determine a torqueprofile 222 for the screw compressor 240 based upon the operating modeand/or operating point determined from the status signals 290. Thecontroller 210 may then generate command signals 212 that request theelectric motor system 230 to deliver torque 238 to the screw compressor240 per the torque profile 222 obtained for the screw compressor 240.

The electric motor system 230 may drive the screw compressor 240 inresponse to command signals 212 received from the controller 210. Inparticular, the electric motor system 230 may include a variablefrequency drive 232 and an electric motor 234. The electric motor 234may be coupled to the screw compressor 240 to drive meshed screw rotors242, 244 of the screw compressor 240. In one embodiment, the electricmotor 234 may include a permanent magnetic motor that drives the rotors242, 244 at a speed that is dependent upon the frequency of polyphasecontrol signals 236 and at a torque 238 that is dependent upon theelectric current supplied by the polyphase control signals 236. Asshown, the variable frequency drive 232 may receive command signals 212from the controller 210 and may generate the polyphase phase controlsignals 236. In particular, the variable frequency drive 232 may adjustthe frequency and electric current of the polyphase control signals 236based upon the command signals 212 received from the controller 210. Asmentioned above, the controller 210 may generate the command signals 212per a torque profile 222 selected for the screw compressor 240. As such,the variable frequency drive 232 in response to the command signals 212adjusts the frequency and current of the control signals 236 per thetorque profile 222 selected for the screw compressor 240.

As shown, the electrical sensor 250 may be positioned proximate theelectric motor 234 to sense electrical operating characteristics of theelectric motor 234. The electrical sensor 250 may further provide statussignals 290 with measurements that are indicative of the sensedelectrical operating characteristics. In one embodiment, the electricalsensor 250 may include one or more current sensors. The current sensorsmay be positioned to sense the electric current supplied by the controlsignals 236 to the electric motor 234 and may generate status signals290 that are indicative of the sensed electric current. In oneembodiment, the torque 238 produced by the electric motor 234 isdependent upon the electric current supplied by the control signals 236.Accordingly, status signals 290 indicative of the electric currentsupplied to the electric motor 234 may also be indicative of the torque238 supplied by the electric motor 234. While the electrical sensor 250in one embodiment comprises current sensors that sense current suppliedto the electric motor 234, the electrical sensor 250 may sense otherelectrical operating characteristics of the electric motor 234 such asvoltages, currents, phase angles, effective impedances at the inputand/or other parts of the electric motor 234 and provide status signals290 indicative of the sensed electrical operating characteristics.

As shown, the torque sensor 255 may be positioned proximate the electricmotor system 230 to sense torque 238 applied by the electric motorsystem 230 to the screw compressor 240. The torque sensor 255 mayfurther provide status signals 290 with measurements that are indicativeof the sensed torque 238. In one embodiment, the torque sensor 255 mayinclude one or more torsion elements positioned between the electricmotor 234 and the compressor 240. The torque sensor 255 may thengenerate status signals 290 indicative of the torque 238 sensed byand/or applied to the torsion elements.

The screw compressor 240 may further include the suction port 122 andthe discharge port 124 of the compressor system 120. As shown, thesuction pressure and/or temperature sensor 260 may be positionedproximate the suction port 122 of the screw compressor 240 to sensepressure and/or temperature of the fluid 110 entering the suction port122. Likewise, the discharge pressure and/or temperature sensor 270 maybe positioned proximate the discharge port 124 of the screw compressor240 to sense pressure and/or temperature of the fluid 110 dischargedfrom the discharge port 124. Moreover, the suction pressure and/ortemperature sensor 260 may provide status signals 290 with measurementsthat are indicative of the sensed pressure and/or temperature of thefluid 110 entering the suction port 122, and the discharge pressureand/or temperature sensor 270 may provide status signals 290 withmeasurements that are indicative of the sensed pressure and/ortemperature of the fluid 110 discharged from the discharge port 124.

The screw compressor 240 may further include a plurality of meshed screwrotors 242, 244. The plurality of meshed screw rotors 242, 244 maydefine one or more compression pockets between the screw rotors 242, 244and interior chamber walls of the screw compressor 240. Torque 238supplied by the electric motor 234 may rotate the screw rotors 242, 244,thus closing the compression pocket from the suction port 122. Rotationof the screw rotors 242, 244 further decreases the volume of thecompression pocket as the rotors 242, 244 move the fluid 110 toward thedischarge port 124. Due to decreasing the volume of the compressionpocket, the screw rotors 242, 244 deliver the fluid 110 to the dischargeport 124 at an discharge pressure that is greater than the suctionpressure and at a discharge temperature that is greater than the suctiontemperature.

The operation of the screw compressor 240 in compressing and moving thefluid 110 produces axial and radial forces. The interaction of the screwrotors 242, 244, the axial forces, and the radial forces may result intime varying and non-uniform rotor movements and forces against chamberwalls, bearings, and end surfaces of the screw compressor 240.Lubricating oil provides cushioning films for the chamber walls, rotors242, 244, and bearings of the screw compressor 240, but does not preventthe transmission of the time varying and non-uniform axial and radialforces. In selecting a torque profile 222 for the screw compressor 240,the controller 210 attempts to select a torque profile 222 that drivesthe screw compressor 240 in a manner which reduces the non-productiveradial and axial forces.

Different screw compressor designs generally exhibit some uniqueoperating characteristics and some common operating characteristics. Agenerally common operating characteristic of many screw compressordesigns is that many screw compressor designs exhibit pulsating torquethat is coincident with suction, compression, and discharge phases ofthe screw compressor. Other generally commonly operating characteristicsinclude dynamic transmission of force from a male screw rotor to ameshed female screw rotor, and axial thrust of the screw rotors 242,244.

Due to the unique operating characteristics of different screwcompressor designs, experimental determinations may be made of varioustorque profiles 222 to identify beneficial torque profiles 222 for thescrew compressor design in different operating modes and/or at operatingpoints in such operating modes. In particular, the screw compressor 222may be operated at different speeds, average motor currents, dischargepressures and/or temperatures, suction pressures and/or temperatures,and/or other operating parameters to obtain beneficial torque profiles222 for the screw compressor 240 in various operating modes and/oroperating points. For example, the screw compressor 240 may be operatedin a start mode to obtain a starting torque profile 222, in anacceleration mode to obtain an acceleration torque profile 222, and in adeceleration mode to obtain a deceleration profile 222.

Based upon such experimentation, an array of torque profiles 222 forassociated operating modes and/or operating points may be establishedfor the screw compressor 240. In one embodiment, each torque profile ofthe array of torque profiles 222 comprises a pattern of the electricmotor to compressor shaft torque values occurring during one or severalmotor revolutions. The pattern may be repetitive and may be defined overmore than one complete motor revolution as one revolution of the motormay not equate to one revolution of the compressor driven rotors 242,244. The length of the torque profile 222 may be defined as an integernumber of revolutions which make the torque profile pattern repeat insequence. The controller 210 may repetitively select and/or apply atorque profile 222 to achieve a desired control result.

Furthermore, in order to maintain a desired level of stability, thearray of torque profiles 222 may be structured and torque profiles 222may be selected by the controller 210 in manner that effects a stablecontrol function of the screw compressor 240. In particular, the arrayof torque profiles 222 may be constructed to limit the rate at which thetorque 238 is changed in order to maintain stability of the controlfunction. In one embodiment, stability may be maintained by populatingthe array of torque profiles 222 with torque profiles 222 that maintainapproximately equal rates of change. This may be accomplished byexperimental determination of operating conditions of the screwcompressor 240 at unequal operating point differences, and maintainingthe torque profile differences in the array of torque profiles 222 toapproximately equal values.

In one embodiment, the torque profiles 222 may be constructed torepresent the torque control values directly as sampled points versustime. In another embodiment, the torque profiles 222 may be constructedto represent torque control values as integer harmonic multiples of aprimary operating frequency of the screw compressor 240. In particular,the harmonics defining the torque profiles 222 may be expressed in termsof harmonic frequency amplitude and phase.

Referring now to FIG. 3, an embodiment of a control method that may beimplemented by the controller 210 is shown. The controller 210 in oneembodiment periodically executes the control method of FIG. 3 in orderto adjust the torque profile 222 used to drive the screw compressor 240.At block 305, the controller 210 may receive status signals 290 fromvarious sensors 250, 255, 260, 270 of the compressors system 120 thatprovide information regarding the present operation of the screwcompressor 240. The controller 210 at block 310 may determine whetherthe screw compressor 240 is in a start mode. The controller 210 maydetermine whether the screw compressor 240 is in a start mode based upondata supplied by the status signals 290. The controller 210 may alsodetermine whether the screw compressor 240 is in a start mode based uponother data of the refrigeration system 100. For example, the controller210 may determine that the screw compressor 240 is in a start mode inresponse to a signal from a control panel or thermostat (not shown) thatindicates the controller 210 is to turn on the refrigeration system 100and start the screw compressor 240. In response to determining that thescrew compressor 240 is in a start mode, the controller 210 may select astart torque profile 222 from the memory 220 at block 315.

In response to determining that the screw compressor 240 is not in astart mode, the controller 210 at block 320 may determine whether thescrew compressor 240 is accelerating. In particular, the controller 210based upon the status signals 290 may determine whether the rotationspeed of the meshed rotors 242, 244 is increasing. In one embodiment,the controller 210 determines whether the screw compressor 240 isaccelerating based upon several sampled points of the status signals 290as well as an acceleration threshold level to ensure that minorfluctuations in the rotation speed of the meshed rotors 242, 244 duringperiods of stable or steady operation are not mistakenly interpreted asan acceleration of the rotors 242, 244. In response to determining thatthe screw compressor 240 is accelerating, the controller 210 may selectan acceleration torque profile 222 from the memory 220 at block 325.

In response to determining that the screw compressor 240 is notaccelerating, the controller 210 at block 330 may determine whether thescrew compressor 240 is decelerating. In particular, the controller 210based upon the status signals 290 may determine whether the rotationspeed of the meshed rotors 242, 244 is decreasing. In one embodiment,the controller 210 determines whether the screw compressor 240 isdecelerating based upon several sampled points of the status signals 290as well as a deceleration threshold level to ensure that minorfluctuations in the rotation speed of the meshed rotors 242, 244 duringperiods of stable or steady operation are not mistakenly interpreted asa deceleration of the rotors 242, 244. In response to determining thatthe screw compressor 240 is decelerating, the controller 210 may selecta deceleration torque profile 222 from the memory 220 at block 335.

In response to determining that the screw compressor 240 is notdecelerating, the controller 210 at block 340 may verify that theoperation of the screw compressor 240 is relatively stable or steady.During operation of the refrigeration system 100, the screw compressor240 may experience periods of relatively stable or steady operation inwhich the rotation speed of the rotors 242, 244 is relatively constant,the suction pressure and/or temperature is relatively constant, and thedischarge pressure and/or temperature is relatively constant.Accordingly, the controller 210 at block 340 may determine based uponthe status signals 290 whether the screw compressor 240 is operating ata relatively stable or steady operating point. Similar to the aboveacceleration and deceleration determinations, the controller 210 maydetermine whether the screw compressor 240 is operating at a relativelystable or steady point based upon several sampled points of the statussignals 290 as well as various threshold levels to ensure that minorfluctuations in the rotation speed, the suction pressure and/ortemperature, and/or the discharge pressure and/or temperature do notresult in a mistaken determination that the screw compressor 240 is notoperating at a relatively stable or steady operating point. In responseto determining that operation of the screw compressor 240 is notrelatively stable or steady, the controller 210 may select at 345 adefault torque profile 222 for the screw compressor 240 that results inthe electric motor system 230 providing suitable torque 238 to the screwcompressor 240 during periods not associated with starting,accelerating, decelerating, and/or stable operation.

In response to determining that operation of the screw compressor 240 isrelatively stable, the controller 210 at block 350 may determine anoperating point of the screw compressor 240 based upon the statussignals 290. As mentioned above, the array of torque profiles 222includes torque profiles 222 for the screw compressor 240 at variousoperating speeds, suction pressures and/or temperatures, and dischargepressures and/or temperatures. Thus, the controller 210 at block 355 mayselect, based upon the status signals 290, a torque profile 222 from thememory 220 that corresponds to the operating speed, suction pressureand/or temperature, and discharge pressure and/or temperature indicatedby the status signals 290. In other embodiments, the controller 210 mayselect a plurality of torque profiles 222 from the memory 220 that arenear the operating point indicated by the status signals 290 and maygenerate through interpolation from the selected torque profiles 222 atorque profile 222 for the screw compressor 240 operating at theindicated operating point.

At block 360, the controller 210 may generate command signals 212 thatrequest the electric motor system 230 to supply torque 238 to the screwcompressor 240 per the torque profile 222 selected for the screwcompressor 240. As mentioned above, the screw compressor 240 generallyexhibits pulsing torque due to the rotors 242, 244 receiving,compressing, and discharging fluid 110. The torque profiles 222 in oneembodiment may be constructed to match the pulsing torque exhibited bythe screw compressor 240. Accordingly, when switching from one torqueprofile 222 to another torque profile 222, the switch ideally is timedto coincide with the torque pulsations. To achieve such synchronization,the controller 210 generates the command signals 212 such that theelectric motor system 230 effects the switch in torque profiles 222 insynchronization with the pulsing torque of the screw compressor 240. Inother embodiments, synchronization may be achieved using othertechniques. For example, the electric motor system 230 may sense thetorque pulsations and switch the torque profiles 222 at an appropriatetime.

Many modifications and variations of the disclosed embodiments arepossible in light of the above teachings. Thus, it is to be understoodthat, within the scope of the appended claims, aspects of the disclosedembodiments may be practiced in a manner other than as described above.

1. A compressor system comprising a screw compressor comprising asuction port to receive fluid at a suction pressure, a plurality ofmeshing screw rotors to compress the fluid, and a discharge port todischarge the compressed fluid at a discharge pressure that is higherthan the suction pressure; an electric motor to receive control signalsand to drive the plurality of meshing screw rotors at a speed per thereceived control signals; a controller to receive status signalsindicative of an operating point of the screw compressor, to select atorque profile for the screw compressor based upon the operating pointof the screw compressor, and to generate command signals that requeststhe electric motor be driven per the selected torque profile; and avariable frequency drive to receive the command signals and to generatethe control signals that vary torque between the electric motor and thescrew compressor per the selected torque profile, wherein the selectedtorque profile represents variance in torque between the electric motorand the screw compressor during a revolution of the electric motor. 2.The compressor system of claim 1, further comprising a memory comprisinga plurality of torque profiles, wherein the controller is to select thetorque profile from the plurality of torque profiles based upon theoperating point indicated by the status signals.
 3. The compressorsystem of claim 1, further comprising a memory comprising a plurality oftorque profiles, wherein the controller is to identify the operatingpoint of the screw compressor based upon the status signals, and is toselect the torque profile from the plurality of torque profiles basedupon the identified operating point.
 4. The compressor system of claim1, further comprising a memory comprising a plurality of torqueprofiles, wherein in response to the status signals indicating the screwcompressor has achieved a relatively stable operating point, thecontroller is to select a torque profile for the screw compressor basedupon the plurality of torque profiles and the relatively stableoperating point indicated by the status signals.
 5. The compressorsystem of claim 1, further comprising a memory comprising a startingtorque profile, an acceleration torque profile, a deceleration torqueprofile, a default torque profile, and a plurality of operating torqueprofiles, wherein the controller is to select the torque profile fromthe starting torque profile, the acceleration torque profile, thedeceleration torque profile, the default torque profile, and theplurality of operating point torque profiles based upon the statussignals.
 6. The compressor system of claim 1, wherein the controlsignals comprise polyphase alternating current control signals, theelectric motor comprises a permanent magnet motor to drive the screwcompressor at a drive speed controlled by the polyphase alternatingcurrent control signals, and the variable frequency drive adjusts afrequency of the polyphase alternating current control signals to adjustthe drive speed of the permanent magnet motor per the command signals ofthe controller and the selected torque profile.
 7. The compressor systemof claim 1, further comprising a suction port sensor proximate thesuction port of the screw compressor to provide the status signals withsuction port measurements of fluid entering the suction port of thescrew compressor, a discharge port sensor proximate the discharge portof the screw compressor to provide the status signals with dischargeport measurements of fluid discharged from the discharge port of thescrew compressor, and a torque sensor to provide the status signals withtorque measurements of torque applied by the electric motor to the screwcompressor, wherein the controller is to determine the operating pointof the screw compressor based upon at least the suction portmeasurements, the discharge port measurements, and the torquemeasurements of the status signals.
 8. The compressor system of claim 1,further comprising a suction port sensor proximate the suction port ofthe screw compressor to provide the status signals with suction portmeasurements of fluid entering the suction port of the screw compressor,a discharge port sensor proximate the discharge port of the screwcompressor to provide the status signals with discharge portmeasurements of fluid discharged from the discharge port of the screwcompressor, and one or more electrical sensors positioned proximate theelectric motor to sense electrical operating characteristics of theelectric motor and to provide status signals indicative of the sensedelectrical operating characteristics, wherein the controller is todetermine the operating point of the screw compressor based upon atleast the suction port measurements, the discharge port measurements,and the electric current measurements.
 9. A method to control operationof a screw compressor of a refrigeration system, comprising receivingstatus signals regarding operation of the screw compressor of therefrigeration system; determining an operating point of the screwcompressor based upon the received status signals; selecting a torqueprofile for the screw compressor based upon the operating point, whereinthe selected torque profile represents variance in torque applied to thescrew compressor during a revolution of the plurality of the pluralityof meshing screw rotors; and adjusting torque applied to the screwcompressor per the selected torque profile.
 10. The method of claim 9,further comprising selecting a starting torque profile for the screwcompressor in response to determining that the screw compressor is in astart mode; and driving the screw compressor per the starting torqueprofile.
 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising selecting anacceleration torque profile for the screw compressor in response to aincreasing speed of the screw compressor; and driving the screwcompressor per the selected acceleration torque profile.
 12. The methodof claim 9, further comprising selecting a deceleration torque profilefor the screw compressor in response to a decreasing speed of the screwcompressor; and driving the screw compressor per the selecteddeceleration torque profile.
 13. The method of claim 9, furthercomprising selecting a default torque profile in response to determiningbased upon the status signal that the screw compressor is not currentlyoperating at a steady operating point, and driving the screw compressorper the selected default torque profile.
 14. The method of claim 9,further comprising selecting the torque profile in response todetermining based upon the status signals that the screw compressor iscurrently operating at a relatively stable operating point.
 15. Themethod of claim 9, further comprising selecting the torque profile inresponse to measurements provided by the status signals achieving apredetermined level of stability.
 16. A refrigeration system, comprisinga screw compressor comprising a suction port to receive fluid at asuction pressure, a plurality of meshing screw rotors to compress thefluid, and a discharge port to discharge the compressed fluid at adischarge pressure that is higher than the suction pressure; a condensercoupled to the discharge port of the screw compressor, the condenser tocool and condense fluid received from the discharge port; an expansionvalve coupled to the condenser, the expansion valve to evaporate atleast a portion of fluid received from the condenser by loweringpressure of fluid received from the condenser; an evaporator coupled tothe expansion valve, the evaporator to evaporate fluid received from theexpansion valve and to provide fluid to the suction port of the screwcompressor; an electric motor system to receive command signals and todrive the plurality of meshing screw rotors per the received commandsignals; and a controller to receive status signals indicative of anoperating point of the screw compressor, to select a torque profile forthe screw compressor based upon the operating point of the screwcompressor, and to generate command signals that requests the electricmotor system to vary torque between the electric motor system and thescrew compressor per the selected torque profile, wherein the selectedtorque profile represents variance in torque between the electric motorsystem and the screw compressor during a revolution of the electricmotor system.
 17. The refrigeration system of claim 16, furthercomprising a suction port sensor to provide the status signals withsuction port measurements of fluid entering the suction port of thescrew compressor; a discharge port sensor to provide the status signalswith discharge port measurements of fluid discharged from the dischargeport of the screw compressor, and a torque sensor to provide the statussignals with torque measurements of torque applied by the electric motorsystem to the screw compressor, wherein the controller is to determinethe operating point of the screw compressor based upon at least thesuction port measurements, the discharge port measurements, and thetorque measurements of the status signals.
 18. The refrigeration systemof claim 16, wherein the electric motor system comprises a variablefrequency drive and a permanent magnet motor, the permanent magnet motoris to receive polyphase variable frequency control signals and is todrive the plurality of meshing screw rotors per the received polyphasevariable frequency control signals; the variable frequency drive is toreceive the command signals and is to generate the polyphase variablefrequency control signals to drive the permanent magnet motor per theselected torque profile.
 19. The refrigeration system of claims 18,further comprising a suction port sensor to provide the status signalswith suction port measurements of fluid entering the suction port of thescrew compressor; a discharge port sensor to provide the status signalswith discharge port measurements of fluid discharged from the dischargeport of the screw compressor; and one or more electrical sensors tosense electric current supplied by the polyphase variable frequencycontrol signals and to provide the status signals with electric currentmeasurements of the polyphase variable frequency control signals,wherein the controller is to determine the operating point of the screwcompressor based upon at least the suction port measurements, thedischarge port measurements, and the electric current measurements. 20.The refrigeration system of claim 18, further comprising a memorycomprising a plurality of torque profiles, wherein the controller is toidentify the operating point of the screw compressor based upon thestatus signals, and is to select the torque profile from the pluralityof torque profiles based upon the identified operating point.